Understanding CBC and How It Has Transformed Education in Kenya

Education in Kenya has undergone a historic shift with the introduction of the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC), which replaced the long-standing 8-4-4 system. Unlike 8-4-4, which primarily focused on memorization and passing examinations, CBC emphasizes equipping learners with practical skills, values, and attitudes that prepare them for real-life challenges.

From 8-4-4 to CBC

The 8-4-4 system, introduced in 1985, was designed to provide learners with basic education and prepare them for either the job market or higher education. However, over time it became highly exam-oriented, with children being judged mainly on their ability to recall information. This approach often left learners stressed, with limited opportunities to discover their individual talents or develop critical life skills.

The Competency-Based Curriculum, on the other hand, was introduced to address these gaps. CBC focuses on what a learner can do with the knowledge they acquire, rather than how much information they can reproduce in an exam. It places learners at the center of education, encouraging them to explore, create, and apply what they learn in practical situations.

Key Features of CBC

  • Learner-Centered Approach – Education is tailored to each child’s abilities, interests, and pace of learning.

  • Emphasis on Competencies – Learners are guided to develop skills such as communication, problem-solving, teamwork, creativity, and digital literacy.

  • Practical Learning – Use of real-life examples, projects, and activities makes learning more relevant and engaging.

  • Parental Involvement – Parents and guardians play an active role in supporting learning both at school and at home.

  • Values and Life Skills – CBC integrates moral values, environmental responsibility, financial literacy, and other life skills to prepare learners for holistic growth.

How Education Has Changed Under CBC

Since its adoption, CBC has redefined the way learning happens in classrooms:

  • Children are now encouraged to ask questions, explore ideas, and solve problems, rather than only memorizing answers.

  • Assessments are continuous and focus on progress over time, reducing pressure from one final exam.

  • Teachers act more as facilitators and mentors, guiding learners to discover their strengths and talents.

  • Learners have opportunities to showcase their creativity through projects, performances, and practical tasks.

  • Education now prepares pupils not only for higher studies but also to be responsible, innovative, and adaptive citizens.

The Future with CBC

CBC represents a major step forward in aligning education with the demands of the 21st century. By focusing on competencies instead of rote knowledge, it ensures that every child leaves school with the ability to think critically, communicate effectively, and contribute meaningfully to society. At Endoinyo Erinka Comprehensive School, we embrace CBC wholeheartedly, integrating it into our teaching and providing our learners with resources and opportunities that help them thrive in this new era of education.